1. Change rule of tractor failure
Tractor as farmland operation machinery, the operation environment is bad, in the use of a period of time, there will be some symptoms, they have certain rules to follow, mainly in the following aspects:
(1) Tractor traction will be reduced, feel the operation of traction power is insufficient.
(2) Fuel and lubricating oil consumption will be faster.
(3) There will be jitter, swing or abnormal sound in the field operation.
(4) The steering is not flexible, and the braking system will be slow.
(5) Increased downtime due to technical failures during operation.
(6) Increased smoke exhaust and abnormal odor occur.
Through these external symptoms, it can be seen that the tractor has broken down, some parts of the ability to work may be partially or completely lost. At this time to remind the majority of agricultural machinery to stop the inspection analysis and troubleshooting.
2. Common signs of tractor failure
Tractor in the process of use, once the failure, often through the external performance of the phenomenon to reflect. The farm mechanic with repair experience will further analyze the cause of the failure of the tractor through seeing, feeling, smelling, measuring and other methods, so as to make full preparation for the next step of maintenance. The common signs of tractor failure are as follows:
2.1 Abnormal Function
Tractor is made up of each system, in the process of work, only the system coordination, tractor to function properly, usually is refers to the tractor in farmland homework or transport process, a system of work ability decline or loss of function, often leads to the tractor can't work normally, this is the common fault symptom. Such as: after the engine flameout, it is difficult to start again, or even unable to start the fire; The engine in the operation of the power suddenly reduced, or power disappeared, resulting in the tractor can not work normally; Or the clutch separation is not clear, the speed is unstable, the oil pressure is too low, the brake failure and so on. It shows that the working condition of the tractor has changed, indicating that the tractor has produced failure, requiring the driver to find the cause of failure, timely repair.
2.2 The voice is abnormal
Tractor in normal work, there will be no abnormal percussion, vibration, or some parts should not sound and abnormal sound. But in the process of work, the chiming of the tractor should not have appeared, or exhaust pipe with the sound of shooting, or contact appeared larger friction sound, all of which shows that the tractor parts may malfunction, the driver should be careful to find the source position, timely find out the reason, eliminate the abnormal sound.
2.3 Abnormal temperature
Under normal circumstances, the water temperature, oil temperature and exhaust temperature of the tractor should be kept within the specified range, if the temperature is too high, the engine body, brakes, generators and other overheating phenomenon; Or insufficient cooling water, excessive scale in water tank and waterway, poor heat dissipation; Oil supply time is too late; Insufficient lubricating oil or too dirty; Valve clearance is too small; Poor valve sealing, air leakage; Diesel engine overload and other reasons, will seriously affect the work efficiency, and even damage the body parts. Therefore, the operator must pay attention to find out the specific reason for the abnormal temperature and carry out maintenance in time.
2.4 Abnormal exhaust color
During tractor operation, we know that the normal combustion products of the engine are carbon dioxide and a small amount of water vapor. If the combustion is not normal, the exhaust gas contains incomplete combustion of carbon particles, hydrogen carbide, carbon monoxide or a large amount of water vapor, in addition, there are hydrogen oxide, etc. If there is water in the diesel oil, engine undercooling, bad atomization of the injector, cylinder liner or cylinder head damage water leakage and other faults, the exhaust pipe smoke white; When the engine overload work, oil supply time is too late, oil supply is too large, injector atomization or bad oil drops, intake, exhaust pipe blockage, resulting in insufficient air intake, exhaust is not enough; Valve, cylinder liner, piston and piston ring wear and leakage, will lead to black smoke engine; The oil surface of the oil pan is too high, the oil ring is seriously carbon accumulation or stuck and loses the scraping effect, the piston ring is not elastic enough or the ring mouth turns to the same direction, causing the oil to jump up, the valve guide and valve rod matching gap is too large, the oil is sucked into the cylinder liner, and the oil surface of the air filter oil plate is too high, which will lead to blue smoke from the exhaust pipe. When the smoke exhaust color is not normal, the engine is often weak or not easy to start. Therefore, experienced drivers can judge the fault from the exhaust color is normal.
2.5 Abnormal smell
Tractor in the process of work, such as exhaust exhaust gas combustion is not complete oil smell, such as brake lag, clutch, steering gear serious skid, will be issued friction sheet burning smell, or a short circuit, wire burning and other conditions issued by the rubber taste. In the work, once smell abnormal odor, should stop immediately, find out the fault.
2.6 Abnormal consumption
It shows that the amount of diesel fuel used has increased significantly compared with the previous work of the same amount of diesel fuel consumption; There is also a lot more oil than before; In addition, the amount of cooling water consumption is too heavy, all these show that the consumption of the tractor is abnormal, is the main performance of the failure.
2.7 Abnormal Appearance
By observing the appearance of the tractor when it is working, it can also determine whether the tractor is faulty. Such as water leakage, oil leakage, air leakage; Exhaust pipe smoke black smoke, white smoke, blue smoke, as well as the tractor walking vibration, dislocation, deformation and other external abnormal conditions, can observe the existence of the tractor fault.
