As the requirement of advanced degree of agricultural machinery is higher and higher in agricultural production, agricultural machinery is developing towards multi-function and multi-discipline direction. Hydraulic power technology in the field of technology is in recent years, various machinery, large transmission power, small size, stable work, large range of speed regulation, and the advantages of convenient configuration, the application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery, is advantageous to the agricultural machinery design and manufacture by purely mechanical to mechanical and electrical integration of liquid field, is conducive to the realization of precision agriculture. The hydraulic system of agricultural machinery usually includes hydraulic oil tank, controller, auxiliary mechanism, power mechanism and executive mechanism five parts, they play an important role in the realization of hydraulic function in agricultural machinery.
1. Application of hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery
The use of hydraulic technology not only improves the scientific and technological content of agricultural machinery, but also realizes the functions that are difficult to achieve in the design of ordinary machinery. It also effectively improves the labor intensity of farmers and the complexity of agricultural machinery.
At present, the application of hydraulic technology is mainly in the following aspects: (1) agricultural machinery used for bulk grain crops. It mainly includes common tractors, agricultural farming machinery, seeder, harvester and so on. They can realize the functions of tillage and land preparation, sowing and fertilizing, harvesting and transportation in agricultural production through different mechanical designs. Taking the corn harvester as an example, the hydraulic system plays an important role in controlling the height of the cutting table, the opening and closing of the grain collecting bin and the functions of the hydraulic motor fan. (2) agricultural machinery research and development of science and technology in a new direction of agricultural robots, robots and other automation equipment, hydraulic system can provide action for the new technology of agricultural machinery, power, motor power and other aspects of technical support, the range of application includes intelligent machine, high automatic plant protection machinery and other machinery and so on precision agriculture. (3) Agricultural machinery used in fruits, vegetables and other cash crops, the hydraulic system involves models including large translational sprinkler, cotton intercropping machinery and fruit harvesting machinery. (4) Agricultural infrastructure equipment. Including canal gate switch, loading machinery, desilting machinery, etc., to replace manpower to realize the remote automation control and function realization of intelligent agriculture.
2. Development trend of agricultural machinery hydraulic technology
The large number of hydraulic technology will cause the increase in the cost of agricultural machinery, which limits the popularity of hydraulic components and hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery, but also limits the application and development of advanced hydraulic technology in agricultural machinery. The development of agricultural machinery hydraulic technology should start from the following aspects.
(1) Agricultural machinery hydraulic energy saving technology. The use of agricultural machinery is very large, which causes great pressure on the use of energy. The use of hydraulic technology accounts for a large proportion of the energy consumption of agricultural machinery, so it is of practical significance to control the energy consumption on the basis of hydraulic technology. For example, in the hydraulic steering system of high-horsepower tractor or multi-row combined harvester, the introduction of load sensing technology can greatly reduce the loss of throttling, and effectively reduce the system temperature, to meet the requirements of hydraulic system energy saving.
(2) Agricultural machinery hydraulic environmental protection technology. Hydraulic system in the application of agricultural machinery, because of the complexity of the working environment and harsh factors, caused the leakage and noise of the hydraulic system and other fault problems increase the probability of occurrence, which not only affects the application of agricultural machinery hydraulic technology, more prone to repeated failure stubborn problems. In recent years, with the development and progress of hydraulic technology, non-leakage technology is more and more applied in the field of industry and machinery manufacturing. By improving the hydraulic pipe joint, threaded insert structure and combined seal structure, reduce or even eliminate the leakage of hydraulic system. If it can be applied in the field of agricultural machinery, the reliability of agricultural machinery hydraulic system will be greatly improved, and the probability of pollution of hydraulic leakage on crops and farmland will be greatly reduced.
(3) Agricultural machinery hydraulic power technology. Using hydraulic technology to drive has the characteristics of large transfer power, simple layout and large speed range, which can effectively optimize the structure of agricultural machinery and reduce the overall weight of agricultural machinery. Hydrostatic drive technology can replace the power output of diesel engine to a certain extent, and is more suitable for the use of power machinery with low speed. If the hydrostatic driving technology is applied to agricultural machinery, it can improve the working efficiency of agricultural machinery to a large extent, and effectively avoid abnormal noise, stop and failure of transmission, and improve the comfort of agricultural machinery operation.
